Friday, December 31, 2004

­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­CYBER QUIZ – 6: Check the Blog : A Tribute to Word of Year 2004

CYBER QUIZ – 6: Check the Blog: A Tribute to the Word of Year 2004

WELCOME TO YEAR 2005!

And wish you All,

A VERY, VERY HAPPY NEW YEAR.

And, as promised, here is my

NEW YEAR MYSTERY PRESENT-
The First Cyber Quiz of Year 2005.



Read it. Enjoy it. And be HAPPY.

Dr D.C.Misra
January 1, 2005 _____________________________________________________________________ CYBER QUIZ – 6: Check the Blog: A Tribute to the Word of Year 2004
­by Dr D.C.Misra*
______________________________________________________________________
With Blog having been declared as the word of year 2004 by Merriam Webster,* this cyber quiz is a tribute to the year gone by for recognizing this unique phenomenon in cyberspace. The blogs played a unique role from the U. S. Presidential election to tackling the Asian Tsunami tragedy. With some of the blogs becoming more popular than some of the big media portals, blogs truly arrived in 2004. Let us check.
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1.What are
(a) blog,
(b) alpha bloggers or A-listers,
(c) blogrolls,
(d) permalinks,
(e) comments, and
(f) trackbacks?

2.(a) When did the present-day format of "weblog" first appear, and

(b) When was the term "weblog" first applied to it?

3.Who coined the word "blog" and when?

4.Which are top ten independent tech blogs 2004?

5.Which are top ten blogs by average daily traffic?

6.(a) How many new blogs are created every day, and

(b) What is the number of posts every day?

7.(a) If the book "We the Media" has been described as the`blogging manifesto," who wrote it? and

(b) It claims to be the most comprehensive blog monitoring service, tracking over 6.5 million blogs. Name it.

8.About 63 percent of American adults, that is, 128 million American adults, go online. What percentage of those with Internet access
(a) Read some one else's blog, and
(b) Create a blog?

9.(a) This blog, described by a media observer as the "GrandCentral Station of the cyberset,"and launched by Glenn Reynolds, a University of Tennessee law professor in August 2001, drew an estimated 50,000 people on a weekday. What was it called? and

(b) If it has something to do with law, what is blawg?10.What is the number of blogs with monthly traffic of (a) 1 million, and (b) 10 million pageviews per month?

11.(a) What percentage of bloggers is (i) ) Female, (ii) Male,

(b) How many of them are in the age group (in years) (i) Below 20, (ii) 21-30, and (iii) 31-40,

(c) How many of them had been to college/university,

(d) How many of them live in the United States, and

(e) How many of them had been blogging for over (i) one year, (ii) two years?

12.(a) What is a "filter weblog" or "filter,"

(b) How many currently active weblogs are filters, and

(c) How many of the currently active weblogs contain no links to other weblogs at all?

13.Which are top ten languages in weblogs?

14.Which are top five popular weblog authoring tools?

15.The most gripping account of the Iraq conflict came from a web diarist known as the Baghdad Blogger, says The Guardian, London. But no one knew his identity - or even if he existed. Who was he?

16.(a) A London-based think tank, named after a well known 18th century Scottish philosopher and economist, which researches "practical ways to inject choice and competition into public services, extend personal freedom, reduce taxes, prune back regulation, and cut government waste," runs a blog. Name the institute, and

(b) In which country and when did bloggers go to Parliament to convince politicians that they should take up their blogging tools to forge closer links with their electorate?

17. If at all proof were needed that blogs have arrived, many blogs have more links now than big media portals. Which of these then has more links:
(a) Slashdot: News for Nerds or guardian.co.uk,
(b) Plastic: Act Like Nothing's Wrong or wired.com,
(c) Davenetics or salon.com
(d) Boing Boing or slate.com, and
(e) Instapundit or slate.com?

18. SEA-EAT is the name of the blog set up by three bloggers in Mumbai as a clearinghouse for disaster relief in the wake of Asian Tsunami disaster on Sunday, December 26, 2004 which, days later, had 50 contributors and 100,000 visitors. Name the bloggers.

19. This post titled "61st minute," claimed to be probablythe "most famous post in the young history of blogosphere,"led tochallenging a network news legend and won. What is the name of the blog on which it was posted?

20. When did the Webby awards, popularly known as the Oscars of the Internet, include blog as a specific category for the awards for the first time?_____________________________________________________________________
ANSWERS TO CYBER QUIZ – 6: Check the Blog: A Tribute to the Wordof Year 2004 by Dr D.C.Misra
_____________________________________________________________________
1. (a) A Web log, or blog, is a personal website where somebody self-publishes an electronic journal, often linking it to other things on the Web that strike the author's fancy,

(b) The feisty elite of super-bloggers who set the tech agenda. They show how the power can shift in the age of Internet. (Source: Levy, Steven (2004-2005): The Alpha Bloggers, Newsweek, Special Edition, Issues 2005, December 2004-February 2005, p- 76),

(c) A list of other weblogs that the author (of a weblog) reads regularly,

(d) reference to specific posts instead of an entire weblog,

(e) reader-contributed reply to a specific post within the site (Dash, Anil (2003): Interview with Paul Bausch, http://www.sixapart.com/log/2003/09/interview_with_.shtml), and

(f) an automatic communication that occurs when one weblog references another. (Source: Marlow, Cameron (2004): Audience, structure and authority in the weblog community, MIT Media Laboratory, http://web.media.mit.edu/~cameron/cv/pubs/04-01.pdf, Presented at the International Communication Association Conference, May, 2004, New Orleans, LA.

2. (a) 1996, in a site created by Dave Winer as part of the 24 Hours of Democracy Project (Source: Festa, P. (2003, February 25): Blogging comes to Harvard., CNET News.com, http://news.com.com/2008-1082-985714.html?tag=fd_nc_1], and

(b) 1997, by Jorn Barger. The clipping 'blog' came into use after Peter Merholz started pronouncing 'weblog' as 'wee-blog' in early 1999 (Source: Blood, R. (2002): The Weblog Handbook: Practical Advice on Creating and Maintaining Your Blog. Cambridge, MA, Perseus Publishing], as cited in Susan C. Herring, Lois Ann Scheidt, Elijah Wright, and Sabrina Bonus (2005): Weblogs as a Bridging Genre, http://www.blogninja.com/it&p.final.pdf (accessed: December 15, 2004).

3.Peter Merholz in 1999. In his post "Play With Your Words,"posted on May 17, 2002, he, among other things, writes: "SometimeinApril or May of 1999 (I can't say for sure when I exactly did it), I posted, in the sidebar of my homepage:"For What It's Worth I've decided to pronounce the word "weblog" as wee'- blog. Or "blog" for short."He also notes: `Blog' would have likely died a forgotten deathhad it not been for one thing: In August of 1999, Pyra Labs released Blogger. And with that, the use of "blog" grew with the tool's success (Source: http://www.peterme.com/archives/00000205.html).Check also http://www.tbtf.com/jargon-scout.html#blog (accessed: December 18, 2004).

4. 1.Groklaw (Pamela Jones) (Legal issues of open source technology), http://www.groklaw.net,

2.AliceandBill.com (Alice Hill and Bill O'Brien)(tech topics),http://www.aliceandbill.com,

3.CrackTalk (Terry Blount) (Update and links concerning tech issues), http://cracktalk.blogspot.com/,

4.Slashdot ("News for Nerds"), http://slashdot.org,

5.Daily Dose of Excel (Dick Kusleika) (tips-n-tricks for Excelenthusiasts), http://www.dicks-blog.com,

6.jkOnTheRun (James Kendrik) (mobile technologies), http://jkontherun.blogs.com/jkontherun,

7.Longhorn Blogs (Next version of Windows), http://longhorns.com,

8.The Enterprise System Spectator (Frank Scavo) (Observations on enterprise systems), http://fscavo.blogspot.com,

9.Smallbiztechnology.com (Ramon Ray) (Technology for small businesses), http://smallbiztechnology.com, and

10.VarLinux (Open source), http://www.varlinux.org (Source: http://in.groups.yahoo.com/group/cyberquiz/message/186, originally from http://www.techweb.com/blogawards/winners.html, accessed: November 30, 2004).

5.1. Daily Kos: Political Analysis and other daily rants on the state of the nation. (288,400),
2.Gizmodo (152,986),
3.Instapundit.com (140,794),
4.Gawker (108,260),
5.Eschaton (84,168),
6.lgf: skiing through the revolving door of life (77,022),
7.www.AndrewSullivan.com - Daily Dish (57,578),
8.Wonkette (54,630),
9.Power Line (49,938), and
10.Defamer (47,174)(Figures in parentheses indicate number of visits per day) (Source: The Truth Laid Bear (TTLB), volume 1310, Southern California, December 13, 2004, 11:28 pm, http://www.truthlaidbear.com/TrafficRanking.php, accessed: December 14, 2004).

6.(a) 12,000. A new weblog is created every 7.4 seconds, and

(b) 275,000 or about 10,800 blog updates an hour. (Source: http://www.technorati.com/about) (accessed: December 11, 2004).

7.(a) Veteran Silicon Valley journalist Dan Gillmor. As columnist with the San Jose Mercury News, Dan Gillmor has covered "thebubble, boom, bust and continuing evolution of the tech industry for over a decade." Check the book, Gillmor, Dan (2004): We theMedia: Grassroots Journalism by the People, for the People, O'Reilly,July,at the online catalog at http://www.oreilly.com/catalog/wemedia/index.html. Also check the author's blog at http://wethemedia.oreilly.com/] (accessed:December 10, 2004), and

(b) PubSub (http://www.pubsub.com).

8.(a) 17, and
(b) 5 (February 2004) (Source: Pew Internet & American Life Project Tracking surveys (March 2000 - present) (Last updated: June 30, 2004), http://www.pewinternet.org/trends/Internet_Activities_4.23.04.htm (accessed: December 11, 2004).

9. (a) Instapundit.com (Source: Scott, Esther (2004):"BigMedia" Meets the "Bloggers": Coverage of Trent Lott's Remarks atStrom Thurmond's Birthday Party, Cambridge, MA, John F. KennedySchoolof Government, Harvard University, Case Program, http://69.20.62.53/dns.php?url=www.ksg.harvard.edu (accessed: December 12, 2004). Reynold's chief interest is "in theintersection between advanced technologies and individualliberty." Visit his blog at http://www.instapundit.com/ (accessed: December 12, 2004), and

(b) Blogs in the United States "in which law students across the country record their musings about their daily experiences in law schools." (Source: Rosen, Jeffrey (2004): Your Blog or Mine? New York Times, December 20, http://tinyurl.com/3m47t (accessed: December 31, 2004).

10. (a) 200, and
(b) 20, according to the former editor-in-chief of the "Silicon Alley Reporter." (Source: McGann, Rob (2004): The Blogosphere By the Numbers, November 22, ClickZStat, http://www.clickz.com/stats/sectors/traffic_patterns/article.php/3438891 (accessed: December 12, 2004).

11.(a) (i) 36, (ii) 63 (with undisclosed 1 per cent),
(b) (i) 10.5, (ii) 46.3, and (iii) 28.2,
(c) 59,
(d) 67, and
(e) (i) 67, (ii) 36.(Figures are percentages) (Note: Based on an online survey conducted for seven days between January 14-21, 2004; n=486). (Source:Viégas,Fernanda (2004): Blog Survey: Expectations of Privacy and Accountability, Summary of Findings, http://web.media.mit.edu/~fviegas/survey/blog/results.htm(accessed: December 14, 2004).

12. (a) A weblog which links to ("filters") web content,
(b) 12.6 percent, and
(c) 48.8 percent (Source: Herring et al. (2005): Conversations in the Blogosphere: An Analysis "From the Bottom Up," http://www.blogninja.com/hicss05.blogconv.pdf (accessed: December 15, 2004).

13. 1. English (12,86,508),
2. French (87,506),
3. Portuguese (81,077),
4. Farsi (64,049),
5. Polish (42,754),
6. German (35,149),
7. Spanish (26,389),
8. Italian (10,402),
9. Dutch (9,826), and
10. Chinese-big5 (8,986) (Source:http://www.blogcensus.net/?page=lang, accessed: December 16, 2004).

14.1. Movable Type (44,000),
2. b2 (4,078),
3. PHP-Nuke (3,105),
4. Microsoft Visual Studio (2,067, and
5. Postnuke (1,013) (Source: http://www.blogcensus.net/?page=tools (accessed: December 16, 2004).

15. A 29-year-old architect in Baghdad. (Source: McCarthy, Rory (2003): Salam's Story, Guardian Unlimited, May 30, http://www.guardian.co.uk/Iraq/Story/0,2763,966819,00.html (accessed: December 19, 2004). Check also Maas, Peter (2003): Salam Pax is Real, Slate, June 2, Monday, http://slate.msn.com/id/2083847/#ContinueArticle (accessed December 19, 2004)Salam Pax's blog, "Where is Raed? v.2.0,"available athttp://dear_raed.blogspot.com/, has last entry on Wednesday, August 18, 2004.

16.(a) Adam Smith Institute (ASI), London. Check the blog at http://www.adamsmith.org/blog/ (accessed: December 18, 2004), and

(b) United Kingdom in July 2003. (Source: Ward, Mark (2003): A blog for everyone, BBC News, UK Edition, July 22, http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/technology/3078541.stmhttp://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/technology/3078541.stm (accessed: December 15, 2004).

17.(a) Slashdot: News for Nerds. It has 9,244 links while guardian.co.uk has 8,505 links,

(b) Plastic: Act Like Nothing's Wrong. It has 8,324 links while wired.com has 7,197 links,

(c) Davenetics. It has 7,590 links while salon.com has 6,166 links,

(d) Boing Boing has 5,692 links while slate.com has 5,051 links, and

(e) Instapundit has 5,170 links while slate.com has 5,051 links. (Source: Levy, Steven (2004-2005): The Alpha Bloggers, Newsweek, Special Edition, Issues 2005, December 2004 - February 2005, Box: Bloggers Bite the Bigs, p- 76).

18. SEA-EAT (The South-East Asia Earthquake and Tsunami) or http://www tsunamihelp.blogspot.com was set up by Peter Griffin, Rohit Gupta and Dina Mehta (Source: Wagner, Mitch (2004): SEA-EAT Blog Mobilizes Fast For Tsunami Relief, Security Pipeline, December 29, http://www.securitypipeline.com/56700192 (accessed: December 31, 2004).

19.Powerlineblog (http://www.powerlineblog.com). This blog was set up by three amateur journalists, John Hinderaker (Hindrocket), Paul Mirengoff (Deacon) and Scott Johnson (Big Trunk) in 2002. Scott Johnson posted the message on September 9, 2004 at 7-51 a.m. The thread included a posting of a 1973 document by a reader and is widely believed to have led to the announcement of resignation by Dan Rather of CBS. Powerline blog scored half a million hits on the Election Day. (Source: Grossman, Lev (2004): Person of the Year 2004: Blogs Have Their Day, Posted Sunday, December 19, TIME, http://www.time.com/time/subscriber/personoftheyear/2004/poyblogger.html (accessed: December 19, 2004).

20. Only in 2004, the Year of the Blog! The category is defined as "Sites that serve as weblogs or online journals for anytopic." The Webby Awards recognize outstanding websites in morethan 60 categories. Established in 1996, the Webby Awards are presented by The International Academy of Digital Arts and Sciences.The deadline for making nominations is January 28, 2004. Check for details the website http://www.webbyawards.com/webbys/categories.php#webby_entry_blog.______________________________________________________________________
** http://www.merriam-webster.com/info/04words.htm, Blog, the short term for web log, is defined by Merriam-Webster Online as: "noun [short for Weblog] (1999): a Web site that contains an online personal journal with reflections, comments, and often hyperlinks provided by the writer." (ibid.).
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*Independent eGov and IT Consultant based in New Delhi, India. Dr Misra maintains a blog on Cyber Quiz at http://cyberquiz.blogspot.com/. Email: dcmisra[at]gmail.com. ______________________________________________________________________
Cyber Quiz Series: Dr Misra's five earlier quizzes in this mainCyber Quiz series are also available on this Cyber Quiz Forum. Check the archives:

1. Cyber Quiz 1: The Internet
2. Cyber Quiz 2: The World Wide Web
3. Cyber Quiz 3: Check your E-mail
4. Cyber Quiz 4: Browsing the Web
5. Cyber Quiz 5: Have Data? Will Search
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Disclaimer: While reasonable care has been taken to compile the quiz, neither the author nor the publisher is responsible for the accuracy, inclusion, exclusion or the interpretation of the contents. Readers are advised to consult authoritative sources before acting on the information contained here. The purpose of the quiz is educational and popularization of information and communication technologies (ICT).­­ No responsibility for the content is, therefore, assumed. Use of Content: Use of content here for educational and non-commercial purposes is encouraged provided due credit is given to the author. Its use for commercial purposes is, however, prohibited. ______________________________________________________________________
© Dinesh Chandra Misra 2005 (Beta Version – January 1, 2005).
______________________________________________________________________Dr

D.C.Misra
January 1, 2005.




Thursday, December 30, 2004

Dear All,

On the last day of the year, here is the fifth quiz in our continuing endeavour to create world class literature on information and communication technologies (ICTs) in our mainstream CYBER QUIZ series. Enjoy it.

Check this Forum on New Year's Day - January 1, 2005, and find a specially designed quiz for the NEW YEAR - a tribute to the year which will become history in some 15 hours from now!

Meanwhile, here is wishing you all

A VERY HAPPY NEW YEAR.

And happy quizzing!

Dr D.C.Misra
December 31, 2004.
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CYBER QUIZ –5: Have Data? Will Search by Dr D.C.Misra
___________________________________________________________________________

An engine is a clever device, a result of ingenuity. So is the case with a search engine, a software program designed to search the vast store-house of information of the World Wide Web. Search engines, far more than portals, are true traffic hubs of the Web. “Have data? Will search” appears to have been a slogan of the year 2004. There appears to be search engine now for every thing and any where. Let us check.
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1. What is a search engine?
2. How does a search engine differ from (a) directory, (b) surf engine, and (c) metacrawler?
3. (a) Which is the largest search engine and how much of the World Wide Web has been indexed by it, and (b) How many major search engines are there for searching the World Wide Web, and (c) Which was the first widely used search engine for searching the World Wide Web?
4. Search engine expert Chris Sherman calls it a “generonym,” a brand name used as a generic name for searching. Which search engine has, thus, become the default search engine of the Web surfers?
5. (a) Who founded the search engine Google, how many queries does it receive per day and after what is it named, and (b) What has BackRub got to do with search engine Google?
6. What are (a) IBM’s Clever Project, and (b) Microsoft’s Stuff I’ve Seen (SIS) Project?
7. Call it the Internet Gutenberg Revolution of the early 21st century. This revolutionary project, to be completed in six years, proposes to make freely accessible the entire collection of world’s books online. Who has launched the project?
8. If it was the most hyped technology craze of year 2000, what is InfraSearch, also known as gonesilent.com (
http://.gonesilent.com)?
9. Who won the gold, the silver, and the bronze medals at the Search Site Olympics 2002?
10. What is common between the following: (a) Highway 61, (b) Bigfoot, (c) Dogpile, (d) Colossus, and (e) Internet Sleuth?
11. What is common between the following: (a) Hot Bot, (b) Lycos, (c) Alta Vista, (d) Excite, and (e) Northern Light?
12. A number of search engines now exist for specialized searches. What do the following engines then search: (a) Blinkx, (b) CiteSeer.IST, (c) EESE (d) Technorati, and (e) Google Scholar?
13. Which are (a) five best Indian search engines, and (b) (i) most accurate, and (ii) most usable Indian search engines?
14. What is common between (a) Kenjin, (b) Web Check, (c) First Direct, (d) The Brain, and (e) Mohomine?
15. (a) What is the percentage of search result pages out of the all page views, and (b) How much traffic to websites is generated by the search engines?
16. (a) What is the percentage of all Internet sessions that start with a visit to a search engine, (b) How many searches are made worldwide each day, (c) How many searches are made each day from UK computers, and (d) What is the percentage of searches that goes no further than the first page of results?
17. (a) What is common between Overture, Espotting, FindWhat, IQSeek.com and SPRINKS, and (b) What is buzz index, who invented it, and what are buzz movers and buzz leaders?
18. This is a special kind of google, which searches not text, but three-dimensional (3-D) shapes, and that too in industrial databases, and its prototype has been developed by an Indian. Name him.
19. The search market has become highly competitive as it holds the key to Internet. Giants like Google, Yahoo, Microsoft, and Amazon are in the fray. If so, what is A9, when was it launched and who launched it?
20. With desktop search suddenly becoming hot in the year 2004, when did the following release their desktop search tools: (a) Google, (b) Copernic, (c) Yahoo!, (d) Microsoft, and (e) Ask Jeeves?
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ANSWERS TO CYBERQUIZ–5: Have Data? Will Search by Dr D.C.Misra
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1. A search engine is a program that creates its listings automatically by crawling the World Wide Web. It has three major elements. First, the spider which reads the pages on the Web. Second, the index which is a collection of pages, found by the spider. Third, a software which sifts through millions of pages recorded in the index to match a search and rank them in order of relevance. Also sometimes called a spider, a crawler, a worm, or a knwbot (knowledge robot), it searches the World Wide Web by looking for titles of documents, uniform resource locators (URLs), headers, or text.
Search engines are of two types – 1. General, and 2. Specialized. The general search engines cover a wide variety of subjects (for example,
http://www.google.com/) while specialized search engines cover special subjects or topics, for example, news search engines (say, http://news.altavista.com/), speciality, for example, computer search engines (say, http://download.cnet.com/), medical search engines (say, http://www.hon.ch.MedHunt/), etc.
2. (a) A directory, unlike a search engine, is based on listings prepared by human beings. A short description of a Web site is submitted to the directory, on the basis of which listings are prepared. A search then finds matches only in the descriptions submitted and not the entire website. Examples of directories include Yahoo! and Lycos which started as small university projects (Yahoo! at Stanford University and Lycos at Carnegie Mellon University), (b) A surf engine provides information, constantly updated, about the sites visited, their ownership, popularity, ratings and related sites. The term was invented by Jaquith. Its example is Alexa (short for Library of Alexandria which made an attempt to collect all human knowledge at one place), founded in 1998 by Brewster Kahle, the inventor of Wide Area Information Server (WAIS, pronounced ways), a precursor to the Web (For free download of Alexa, visit its Web site
http://www.alexa.com/). It is based on uniform resource locators (URLs) and not on keywords as is the case with search engines, and (c) A metacrawler, also called a meta search engine, is a search engine of search engines, that is, it searches other search engines and directories. Examples include All4one (four search engines) (www.all4one.com), Beaucoup (10 search engines) (www.beaucoup.com), MetaCrawler (www.metacrawler.com), Mamma (http://www.Mamma.com), Dogpile (http://www.Dogpile.com), Web Ferret (http://www.ferretsoft.com/), and Search (800 search engines) (http://www.search.com/).
3. (a) Inktomi (purchased by Yahoo! in December 2002). It has indexed only about half Web. (Source: Michael Spector, The New Yorker), (b) Only about two dozen, and (c) WebCrawler. This program became the first widely used search engine in 1993.
4. Google (
http://www.google.com/). It was awarded the best brand name on the Internet. It went online on September 15, 1997. Google, Inc., founded in 1998, went public in August 2004. Google uses an advanced search technology – PageRank™ technology and hypertext – matching analysis developed by its founders. The importance of Web pages is calculated by solving an equation of 500 million variables and more than 2 billion terms. All this is done under half a second!
5. (a) Lawrence Page, 29 (son of a computer science professor) and Sergey Bin, 28 (a native of Moscow), Stanford University graduate students. Their company (more than 1,000 employees with more than 50 Ph.Ds) – Google – is based in Mountain View, California. Google search engine receives more than 200 million queries each day. More than half of the search requests come from outside the United States. It searches more than 8 billion web pages (8,058,044,651 web pages (
http://www.google.com/, as on December 25, 2004, to be exact and up to date). It is named after google which is a number - 10 raised to the power of 100 or the numeral one followed by hundred zeros, and (b) A precursor to search engine Google. By January 1996 Larry Page and Sergey Brin had begun collaboration on a search engine BackRub. It was so named for its unique ability to analyze the “back links” pointing to a given website. (Source: http://www.google.com/corporate/history.html).
6. (a) It is a search engine which is being used only at the IBM Almaden Research Center in San Jose, California (
http://www.almaden.ibm.com/cs/k53/clever.html). It is an attempt to fine-tune the search on the Web by identifying ‘hub pages’. The ‘hub pages’ are identified by rating the links. The approach thus does not look only at keywords. The Clever project is a part of the Computer Science Principles and Methodologies Department at the IBM Almaden Research Center, and (b) Stuff I’ve Seen (SIS) is a “prototype tool that makes it easy for you to find information you've seen before, whether it came as email, attachments, files, web pages, appointments, tablet journal entries, etc. (http://research.microsoft.com/adapt/sis/index.htm). Stuff I've Seen is developed by the Adaptive Systems and Interaction Team at Microsoft Research.
7. Google (
http://www.google.co.in/intl/en/press/pressrel/print_library.html). The company announced on December 14, 2004 that it has reached agreements with five of the most celebrated libraries in the world to digitise more than 15 million books and make them freely accessible on the Internet. Costing $10 per book, the project involves Oxford (Bodleian – up to 1.5 million out of 8 million books), Stanford (8 million books), Michigan University (7 million books), Harvard (40,000 out of 15 million books) and New York Public Library (fragile works). (Source: Reid, Tim and Amy Hunter, Washington (2004): World's leading libraries agree to put books online, Times on Line, December 15, http://entertainment.timesonline.co.uk/article/0,,2-1403621,00.html).
8. It is a search engine with super powers based on peer-to-peer (P2P) computing Gnutella. The traditional search engines search a central index of Web content while InfraSearch searches all the computers in the network giving latest information. InfraSearch is being designed by Gene Klan, a 23-year old programmer and his friends. InfraSearch was acquired by Sun Microsystems in February 2001 to become part of Sun's
JXTA (Juxtapose) project. It has roots in University of California, Berkeley's Experimental Computing Facility.
9. Google got the gold medal (with an amazing 65.95 out of 72 points), Lycos edged out MSN (with 49.57 points as against MSN’s 49.08 points) to obtain the silver medal, and MSN (with 49.08 points) obtained the bronze medal. There were five finalists for the Search Site Olympics 2002: 1. Alta Vista (46.40), 2. Excite (disqualified), 3. Google (65.95), 4. Lycos (49.57), and 5. MSN Search (49.08) (Figures in parentheses indicate the scores obtained out of 72 points). The Search Site Olympics were organized by Cnet (
http://www.cnet.com/software). The search engines did not participate in the Olympics as such. On the other hand, they were evaluated against set criteria by a panel of judges by virtue of their existence on the World Wide Web as search engines.
10. (a) Highway (
http://www.highway61.com), (b) Bigfoot (http://www.bigfoot.com), (c) Dogpile (http://www.dogpile.com), (d) Colossus (http://www.searchenginecolossus.com), and (e) Internet Sleuth (http://www.isleuth.com) are all meta search engines.
11. They are all search engines. (a) Hot Bot (
http://www.hotbot.com), (b) Lycos (http://www.lycos.com), (c) Alta Vista (http://www.altavista.com), (d) Excite (http://www.excite.com), and (e) Northern Light (http://www.nlsearch.com) are all general search engines.
12. (a) An integrated search tool (
http://www2.blinkx.com/overview.php), (b) An academic search engine and digital library hosted by Pennsylvania State University (Penn State)'s School of Information Sciences and Technology ((http://citeseer.ist.psu.edu/citeseer.html), (c) An engineering electronic journal search engine, based at Heriot Watt University in Edinburgh, United Kingdom’s EEVL, "the Internet Guide to Engineering, Mathematics andComputing." (http://www.eevl.ac.uk/about.htm), (d) A real-time search engine for blogs (http://www.technorati.com/about.), and (e) Google’s academic search engine launched on November 18, 2004 (beta version) (http://scholar.google.com/scholar/about.html#about).
13. (a) 1. 123 India (http://www.123india.com), 2. Digital HT (http://www.digitalht.com), 3. India Times (http://www.indiatimes.com), 4. Khoj (http://khoj.com), and 5. Locate India (
http://www.locateindia.com), (ii) Digital HT and India Times belong to the newspapers The Hindustan Times and The Times of India respectively, and (b) (i) Locate India (http://locateindia.com), and (ii) 123 India (http://123india.com) (Source: Computers@Home, January 2000, a New Delhi magazine which has since ceased publication).
14. (a) Kenjin (
http://www.kenjin.com), (b) Web Check (http://www.webtop.com), (c) (http://www.firstdirect.co.uk), (d) The Brain (http://www.thebrain.com), and (e) Mohomine (http://www.mohomine.com) are all new search engines.
15. (a) 3.5 per cent or one in 28 pages (Source: Alexa Insider, June 1, 1999), and (b) 7 per cent (Source: SatMarket, December 19, 2000).
16. (a) 86, (b) Upwards of 400 million, (c) Upwards of 20 million, and (d) 48. (Source: Alasdair Reid, Campaign © Brand Republic / The Economic Times, New Delhi, April 23, 2003, Wednesday, Brand Equity, p-3).
17. (a) They are top five paid-for (pay per click) search engines (SEs). For details, visit the website
http://www.thewebseye.com/pay-per-click.htm, and (b) It is daily index of popularity of a subject as revealed by the search queries made for it. Invented by Yahoo.com (Yahoo, Inc.), which has been selling it to companies since May 2000, a subject’s buzz score is the percentage of users searching for that subject on a given day multiplied by a constant to make the number easier to read. Each point is equal to 0.001 per cent of users searching on Yahoo! on a given day. For example, a buzz score of 500 for “Pokeman” translates to 0.5 per cent of all users searching on Yahoo!
Buzz movers are the subjects with the greatest percentage increase in buzz score from one day to next. The subjects with the greatest buzz score (most searched subjects) on a given day are called buzz leaders. The index is published Tuesday to Saturday and has a time lag of two days (needed for data processing and result verification). The Web site also maintains an archive, which goes back to September 2000. For details, visit the Web site
http://buzz.yahoo.com/.
18. Karthik Ramani, a professor of mechanical engineering and director of the Purdue Research and Education Center for Information Systems in Engineering, or PRECISE. He is a 1985 product of Indian Institute of Technology (IIT), Madras. The method has been detailed in a research paper written by Ramani, doctoral student Kuiyang Lou and Sunil Prabhakar, an assistant professor of computer science. In this method a 3-D model of a part is converted into a bunch of cubes called voxels, or volume elements, which are further converted into “skeletal graph” based on “feature vectors.” (Source:
http://www.innovations-report.com/html/reports/information_technology/report-27629.html and Hindustan Times, New Delhi, April 15, 2004, p-21, quoting Press Trust of India, London).
19. A9 is a search engine, which was launched on April 14, 2004 (beta version) by A9.com, Inc., a separately branded and operated subsidiary of Amazon.com, Inc., opened in October 2003 at Palo Alto, CA. A9 is built on technology licensed from Google but, in addition to web search results, it gives book results from Amazon.com including Search Inside the Book,TM site info and diary. For searching, however, an Amazon.com account is required. For details, visit the website
http://www.a9.com/-/company/whatsCool.jsp. See also Gaither, Chris, Los Angeles (LAT-WP) (2004): Amazon.com enters online search market through the back door, The Indian Express, New Delhi, April 15, Friday, p-14).
20. (a) October 14, 2004. Check Google Desktop Search Beta at
http://desktop.google.com/about.html, (b) October 18, 2004. Check Copernic Desktop Search (CDS) at http://www.copernic.com/en/products/desktop-search/, (c) December 11, 2004. Yahoo! has licensed the X1 search software for Windows from tech incubator Idealab (http://www.theregister.co.uk/2004/12/11/yahoo_licenses_x1_search/). The search tool is likely to be made available in early 2005, (d) December 13, 2004. Check it at MSN Toolbar Suite Beta (For Windows XP/2000 only) (http://toolbar.msn.com/desktop/results.aspx?FORM=PCHP&q=), and (e) December 16, 2004. Check Ask Jeeves Desktop Search (http://sp.ask.com/docs/desktop/).
______________________________________________________________________
*Independent eGov and IT Consultant based in New Delhi, India. Dr Misra moderates the Cyber Quiz group at
http://in.groups.yahoo.com/group/cyberquiz/ and also maintains a blog on Cyber Quiz at http://cyberquiz.blogspot.com/. Email: dcmisra[at]gmail.com.
_________________________________________________________________
Acknowledgement: The author is grateful to Ms Beth Blakely for editorial advice.
__________________________________________________________________
Cyber Quiz Series: Dr Misra’s three earlier quizzes in the series are also available on Tech Republic for download:

1. Cyber Quiz 1: The Internet (December 3, 2004) at
http://techrepublic.com.com/5138-6249-5464809.html

2. Cyber Quiz 2: The World Wide Web (December 10, 2004) at
http://techrepublic.com.com/i/tr/downloads/support/fun_games/CyberQuiz2.WWW.doc

3. Cyber Quiz 3: Check your E-mail (December 17, 2004) at:
http://techrepublic.com.com/i/tr/downloads/support/fun_games/Cyberquiz3_Email.doc __________________________________________________________________­­­
Disclaimer: While reasonable care has been taken to compile the quiz, neither the author nor the publisher is responsible for the accuracy, inclusion, exclusion or the interpretation of the contents. Readers are advised to consult authoritative sources before acting on the information contained here. The purpose of the quiz is educational and popularisation of information and communication technologies (ICT) .­­No responsibility for the content is assumed.


Use of Content: The use of the content here for educational and non-commercial purposes is encouraged provided due credit is given to theauthor __________________________________________________________________
©Dinesh Chandra Misra 2004 (Beta Version – December 31, 2004)


Dr D.C.Misra
December 31, 2004




.

Thursday, December 23, 2004

Cyber Quiz: Website Watch: Management-9: Ezine- 5: Capital Ideas: Chicago GSB

Cyber Quiz: Website Watch: Management-9: Ezine- 5: Capital Ideas: Chicago GSB

Check

“Capital Ideas” of
The University of Chicago Graduate School of Business (Chicago GSB) at

http://gsbwww.uchicago.edu/news/capideas/

Dr D.C.Misra
December 24, 2004.


Cyber Quiz: Website Watch: Management-8: Ezine- 4: stanfordknowledgebase

Cyber Quiz: Website Watch: Management-8: Ezine- 4: stanfordknowledgebase

Check

“stanfodknowledgebase” of
Stanford Graduate School of Business,
“An information source for thoughtful teachers,” at

http://www.gsb.stanford.edu/news/knowledgebase.html

Dr D.C.Misra
December 24, 2004.

Cyber Quiz: Website Watch: Management-7: Ezine- 3: HBS Working Knowledge

Cyber Quiz: Website Watch: Management-7: Ezine- 3: HBS Working Knowledge

Check
Harvard Business School Working Knowledge at

http://hbswk.hbs.edu/.

Dr D.C.Misra
December 24, 2004.

Cyber Quiz: Website Watch: Management-6: Ezine-2: Knowledge@Wharton

Cyber Quiz: Website Watch: Management-6: Ezine-2: Knowledge@Wharton

Check Knowledge@Wharton, the ezine of the Wharton School of the
University of Pennsylvania at

http://knowledge.wharton.upenn.edu/

Dr D.C.Misra
December 24, 2004.

Cyber Quiz: Website Watch: Management-5: Ezine-1: Sloan Management Review

Cyber Quiz: Website Watch: Management-5: Ezine-1: Sloan Management Review

Check Massachusetts Institute of Technology ( MIT)

Sloan Management Review at

http://www.sloanreview.mit.edu/smr/.

Dr D.C.Misra
December 24, 2004

CYBER QUIZ - 4: Browsing the Web






Google













_____________________________________________________________________________________
Dear All,

My Best Wishes to You for A Very Merry Christmas.

And what follows is my Christmas present!

Read it and enjoy it this festive season. Feedback is always welcome.

Dr D.C.Misra
December 23, 2004.

P.S. There will no doubt a New Year Cyber Quiz. But can you guess the topic?_____________________________________________________________________
CYBER QUIZ–4: Browsing the Web by Dr D.C.Misra
_____________________________________________________________________
A browser is what enables us to surf the World Wide Web–enabling us to jump from one link to another and getting packaged pages withclick of a mouse. The technology track has been very short –Mosaic – Mozilla – Netscape Navigator / Internet Explorer, a journey from revolutionary beginnings in 1993 to a dead end in 1995 till late in 2004 when Firefox suddenly exploded on the scene. Let us check.
_____________________________________________________________________
1. (a) What is a browser, and (b) What is the difference between information retrieval and browsing?

2. What is the difference between surfing and browsing?

3. What is a layout engine and how does a browser differ from it?

4. Which was the first browser and what was explosive about it?

5. What is the original name of Netscape's Web browser which is now called Netscape Navigator?

6. Who released Netscape 1.1 and when?

7. Which were the three most popular Web browsers in (a) 2000, and (b) 2004?

8. Which were the latest versions of the Netscape Navigator and Internet Explorer in 2001?

9.What is Netscape Gecko?

10.Internet Explorer and Netscape Navigator are well known Webbrowsers. Name any other five Web browsers?

11.What is the name of the multi-media Web browser designed in 1993 by Marc Andreesen, a twenty-three year old programmer, and his colleagues at the University of Illinois which enabled us to browsethe Web?

12.When was Opera 1.1 launched?

13.What do the following browser error messages indicate: (a) 400,(b) 401, (c) 403, (d) 404, (e) 500, (f) 502, and (g) 503?

14.What are the following: (a) iCab, (b) Sensus, (c) Cello, (d)WinZip, and (e) Grail?

15.What do the following have in common:(a)ChiBrow, (b)Bounce,and(c)Prowler?

16.And what do the following have in common: (a) Mozilla, (b)Konqueror, (c) Amaya, (d) Enigma, and (e) Arena?

17.What is a microbrowser and how many of them are currentlyavailable?

18.What are the following: (a) Yospace, (b) WAPalizer, (c) WinWAP,(d) WAPMan, (e) WAPsody, and (f) WAPsilon?

19.Named after a famous Indian mythological bird, this company is thefirst Indian company to come out with a palm-top browser and thirdcompany in the world to do so. What is the name of the company?

20.When was Mozilla Firefox 1.0, the Web browser developed byMountainView, CA-based not-for-profit Mozilla Foundation, released?_________________________________________________________________
ANSWERS TO CYBER QUIZ – 4: Browsing the Web by Dr D.C.Misra
_________________________________________________________________
1.(a) It is a software program, which is used to access and view thepages on the World Wide Web called Web pages. Often called anInternet browser, its correct name, however, is World Wide Webbrowser or just Web browser, and

(b) In information retrieval,information is obtained as it is. For example, under the filetransfer protocol (ftp), on retrieval, a file is obtained as it is,without any contents, etc. On the other hand, in browsing not onlythe contents of the information are obtained but one can retrieve the information indicated in the contents.

2. None. These two terms are used interchangeably.

3. A layout engine takes content (such as HTML, XML, image files,applets, etc.) and formatting information (such as cascading stylesheets, hard – code HTML tags, etc.) and displays the formattedcontent on the screen. It thus defines the placement policy for adocument and places content on a page. A browser, on the other hand, packages various components, includingthe results of the layout engine, in a coherent, user–friendlyWeb applications (including menus, tool bars, etc.)

4. Mosaic, designed by Marc Andreeson and Eric Bina , and released bythe U.S. National Center for Supercomputing Applications (NCSA) at the University of Illinois in 1993. It was the first Web browser andit triggered the World Wide Web (WWW) explosion as it enabled displayof images over the Web. Mosaic was created by government funding fordeveloping a standard Web browser. The NCSA gave a license to Spyglass, Inc. for its commercialization. However, the attempt did not succeed as it was eclipsed by Netscape Navigator.

5.Mozilla, the Mosaic–killer. It was developed in six months by Mosaic Communications Corporation started by Jim Clark of SiliconGraphics in 1994 and subsequently called Netscape Communications. Mozilla was an in–house name, developed by creators of Mosaic who left NCSA and it was designed to be incompatible with Mosaic.

6.Marc Andreesen in 1994. He distributed the browser free of chargeon the Internet which helped its explosive growth.

7.(a) 1. Microsoft (76 percent), 2. Netscape (20 percent) and 3. America On Line (AOL) (1 percent) (Figures in parentheses indicatethe percentage of web surfers) (Data as on June 8, 2000). (Source:
http://websnapshot.mycomputer.com), and

(b) 1. Internet Explorer (71.7 percent) (IE 6 - 67.0 percent; IE 5–4.7 percent), 2. Mozilla (21.2 percent) and 3. Opera (2.1 percent–Opera 7) (Netscape, at the 4th place has a share of only 1.6 percent (Netscape 3 – 0.2 percent; Netscape 4 - 0.2 percent; andNetscape 7 –1.2 percent) (Data as for December 2004) (Source:
http://www.w3schools.com/browsers/browsers_stats.asp).

Internet Explorer was launched by Bill Gate's Microsoft Corporation and Netscape Navigator by Netscape Communications Corporation, now a subsidiary of America Online (AOL). Though Netscape Navigator was launched first and believed to be technically superior by many, an aggressive marketing strategy by Microsoft, particularly its bundling with the Windows operating system, has made the Internet Explorer as the dominant Internet browser to-day.

8. Netscape Navigator 6.1 (Download size: 26 MB for Windows, 36 MB forMacOS) and Internet Explorer 6 (Download size: Minimalinstallation – 45 MB, typical installation – 70 MB, and fullinstallation – 111 MB) (October 2001).

9. It is small, fast, standards – compliant layout engine on whichNetscape 6.1 (which includes Netscape Navigator, the Web browser) is based.

10. 1. Opera 3.61 (1.3 MB), 2. Smart Browse (3.9 MB), 3. Net Quest(3.2 MB), 4. Net Captor 5.04 (770 k), and 5. Neo Planet 5.0 (3.5 MB).(Figures in parentheses indicate download size).

11.Mosaic. This was subsequently commercialized as Netscape Navigator.

12.1996. It was offered as a shareware for Windows platform. It has now been made free. Opera Software ASA is Oslo, Norway – based company with satellite offices in US, UK, Sweden, and theNetherlands. For details visit
http://www.myopera.com.

13.(a) Bad request (for example, URL may not exist),
(b)Unauthorised,
(c) Forbidden (for example, it is password protected or restricted),
(d) Not found (for example, the page may no longer exist),
(e) Internal error (for example, something wrong with the server),
(f) Bad gateway, and
(g) Service unavailable.

14.(a) A Web browser for the Macintosh (
http://www.icab.de) ,
(b) AnInternet browser for the visually impaired (
http://www.sensus.de),
(c) A multipurpose Internet browser developed by Thomas R. Bruce ofthe Legal Information Institute at Cornell Law School(
http://www.law.cornell.edu/cello/cellotop.htm),
(d) A Web browsersupport add–on which works with WinZip and automats much of thework associated with downloading compressed files from the Internet(
http://www.winzip.com/browser.htm), and
(e) An extensible Internetbrowser written in Python, a free object–oriented language(grail.sourceforge.net/).

15.They are all Web browsers for children.

16.They are all open source Web browsers.

17. Like the Web browser, it is a Wireless Application Protocol (WAP) browser. It is thus a software designed to run on a handheld deviceand to interpret Wireless Markup Language (WML). As many as 50 microbrowsers are currently available.

18.They all are Wireless Application Protocol (WAP) browsers.

19. Jataayu Software Ltd., a 100 per cent subsidiary of Bangalore–based Integra Micro Systems (P) Ltd. (Source: Sanjay K. Pillai,Business Standard, July 11, 2000).

20. November 9, 2004. It is available for Windows, Mac OS X and Linux operating systems (OSs) - as a free download from mozilla.org(
http://www.mozilla.org/products/firefox/).
____________________________________________________________________
Cyber Quiz Series: My three earlier quizzes in the series are also available on this Cyber Quiz blog .

1. Cyber Quiz 1: The Internet,
2. Cyber Quiz 2: The World Wide Web
3. Cyber Quiz 3: Check your E-mail
____________________________________________________________________
Disclaimer: While reasonable care has been taken to compile the quiz, the author is not responsible for the accuracy, inclusion, exclusion or the interpretation of the contents. Readers are advised to consult authoritative sources before acting on the information contained here. The purpose of the quiz is educational and popularisation of information and communication technologies (ICT). No responsibilityfor the content is, therefore, assumed.
__________________________________________________________________
© Dinesh Chandra Misra 2004 (Beta Version – December 23, 2004)
__________________________________________________________________

Dr D.C.Misra
December 23, 2004.

(Source:http://in.groups.yahoo.com/group/cyberquiz/message/264)



Thursday, December 16, 2004

Cyber Quiz: List 33: India's Top 50 Most Trusted Service Brands 2004

Cyber Quiz: List 33: India's Top 50 Most Trusted Service Brands 2004
______________________________________________________________________ 1.LIC
2. State Bank of India
3. BSNL
4. ICICI Bank
5. Bank of India
6. Reliance Indiamobile
7. Airtel
8. Central Bank of India
9. Punjab National Bank
10. Indian Bank
11. Indian Oil Corporation*
12. Indian Airlines
13. LIC Mutual Fund
14. Tata Indicom
15. Canara Bank
16. Union Bank of India
17. BPL Mobile
18. Taj Hotels
19. Pizza Hut
20. Orange/Hutch
21. Kendriya Vidyalaya
22. Bank of Baroda
22. UTI Bank
24. HDFC Bank
25. ICICI Pru
26. Syndicate Bank
27. HDFC
28. IIT
29. CBSE*
30. McDonald's
31. Cafe Coffee Day
32. Allahabad Bank
33. NIIT*
34. SBI Life*
35. Delhi Public School (DPS)
36. Oberoi Hotel
37. Sainik Schools*
38. MTNL
39. Citibank
40. Air Sahara
41. Reliance Mutual Fund
42. HDFC Standard Life Insurance*
43. Prudential ICICI Mutual Fund
44. IDBI Bank*
45. HDFC Mutual Fund
46. IIMs
47. Tata AIG*
48. SBI Mutual Fund
49. UTI Mutual Fund
50. Aptech*
_____________________________________________________________________
*New entrant.
Source: Kumar, Vikas (2004): Are You Being Served? The Econonic Times, New Delhi, December 15, 2004,Brand Equity, p-5. Check also http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/articleshow/msid-958789,curpg-1.cms
(accessed: December 17, 2004).

The ranking of public sector units is noteworthy. For example, among top ten, as many as eight, including the top position occupied by the LIC (Life Insurance Corporation of India), are public sectorunits.

Secondly, the list includes venerable institutions such as IIT (rank28) and IIMs (rank 46). Surprisingly, however, Kendriya Vidyalaya(rank 21), CBSE (rank 29) (a new entrant) and Sainik Schools rank higher than IIMs (rank 46). Lastly, two information technology (IT) education private companies -NIIT (rank 33) and Aptech (rank 50) have entered the this top 50 list for the first time. Our congratulations to these two pioneering ITcompanies.

Dr D.C.Misra
December 17, 2004.

(Source: http://in.groups.yahoo.com/group/cyberquiz/message/241)

Cyber Quiz: List 32: India's Top Ten Brands 2004

Cyber Quiz: List 32: India's Top Ten Brands 2004
_______________________________________________________
1. Colgate
2. Lux
3. Rin
4. Dettol
5. Tata Salt
6. Ponds
7. Fear & Lovely
8. Britannia
9. Vicks
9. Bata
11. Pepsodent
________________________________________________________
Note: The list consists of 150 brands. Here we give heretop ten brands only.
Source: The Econonic Times,New Delhi, December 15, 2004,Brand Equity, p-1.
Check alsohttp://economictimes.indiatimes.com/articleshow/959000.cms
(accessed: December 17, 2004)

Dr D.C.Misra
December 17, 2004.

(Source: http://in.groups.yahoo.com/group/cyberquiz/message/240).

Cyber Quiz: Website Watch 25: Blogdex: The Weblog Diffusion Index

Cyber Quiz: Website Watch 25: Blogdex: The Weblog Diffusion Index

Blogdex, a research project of the MIT Media Laboratory, tracks diffusion of information in the weblog community. The project is based on the premise that "Ideas can have very similar properties to adisease, spreading through the population like wildfire. The goal ofBlogdex is to explore what it is about information, people, and their relationships that allows for this contagious media."For details, visit the website:http://blogdex.net/about.asp

Dr D.C.Misra
December 17, 2004.

(Source: http://in.groups.yahoo.com/group/cyberquiz/message/239).

Cyber Quiz: OPR-19: Review of Herring et al. (2005): Conversations in Blogosphere

Cyber Quiz: OPR-19: Review of Herring et al. (2005): Conversations inthe Blogosphere

According to Herring et al (2005),* the "blogosphere" (the universeof weblogs or blogs) has been claimed to be a densely interconnected conversation, with bloggers linking to other bloggers, referring to them in their entries, and posting comments on each other's blogs.This empirical investigation shows that A-list blogs (also called alpha bloggers) are overrepresented and central in the network,although other groupings of blogs are more densely interconnected.

Herrings et al. report that a majority of blogs link sparsely or not at all to other blogs in the sample, suggesting that the blogosphere is partially interconnected and sporadically conversational. (pp. 18-19).(n=5,517 weblogs).

Dr D.C.Misra
December 16, 2004.

(Source:http://in.groups.yahoo.com/group/cyberquiz/message/237)
____________________________________________________________________*Herring, Susan C., Inna Kouper, John C. Paolillo, Lois Ann Scheidt,Michael Tyworth, Peter Welsch, Elijah Wright, and Ning Yu (2005):Conversations in the Blogosphere: An Analysis "From the Bottom Up,"Proceedings of the Thirty-Eighth Hawai'i International Conference onSystem Sciences (HICSS-38), Los Alamitos, IEEE Press,http://www.blogninja.com/hicss05.blogconv.pdf (accessed: December 16,2004).

Cyber Quiz: Website Watch 24: BROG – Blog Research On Genre

Cyber Quiz: Website Watch 24: BROG – Blog Research On Genre

Check this website for a number of useful papers on weblogs or blogs. Among those available for download are the following:

1. Social Network Analysis on the Semantic Web: Techniquesand Challenges for Visualizing FOAF (draft, forthcoming)
http://www.blogninja.com/vsw-draft-paolillo-wright-foaf.pdf

2. Weblogs as a Bridging Genre (2005)
http://www.blogninja.com/it&p.final.pdf

3. The Challenges of FOAF Characterization (2004)
http://stderr.org/~elw/foaf/

4. Conversations in the Blogosphere: An Analysis"From the Bottom Up" (2005)http://www.blogninja.com/hicss05.blogconv.pdf

5. Bridging the Gap: A Genre Analysis of Weblogs (2004)http://www.blogninja.com/DDGDD04.doc

Dr D.C.Misra
December 16, 2004

Cyber Quiz: News: CQ 1: Internet and CQ 2: WWW No.1 and No.5 on Tech Rep

Cyber Quiz: News: Cyber Quiz 1: The Internet and Cyber Quiz 2: TheWorld Wide Web No.1 and No.5 on Tech Republic DownloadsCyber Quiz 1: The Internet (made available on December 3) and CyberQuiz 2: The World Wide Web (made available on December 10) are nowNo.1 and No.5 on TechRepublic as this month's Hottest Downloadswith 5674 and 1382 downloads respectively.(Source: http://techrepublic.com.com/5121-6240-0.html?sort=range).Dr D.C.MisraDecember 16, 2004

Friday, November 12, 2004

CYBER QUIZ: i4d Quiz-10: Open Source by Dr D.C.Misra

CYBER QUIZ: i4d Quiz-10: Open Source by Dr D.C.Misra
______________________________________________________________________
Proprietary versus Open Source continues to be a raging debate for last more than a decade. Both sides have passionate advocates and they have their advantages and disadvantages. As a result both sides continue to exist though fiercely challenging each other. Nevertheless, the open source movement has made impressive gains in the recent past. Let us check.
______________________________________________________________________

1.Who may be regarded as the (a) grand father, (b) father, and (c) favourite uncle of the open source movement?

2.(i) What is common between the following: (a) Linus Torvalds, (b) Alan Cox, and (c) Ted Ts'o, and (ii) What is Open Source and who coined the term and when?

3.What is GNU Project?

4.Who founded the Free Software Foundation and when?

5.What are the following: (a) GNU Emacs, (b) GCC, (c) Bash, (d) Copyleft, (e) GNU GPL, and (f) GNU Hurd?

6.(a) What is Minix, who wrote it, and for what, and (b) What is TEX, who created it, and when?

7.Claimed to be the largest open source project ever and the first `killer app' from the open source, what are OO and OOO?

8.Who launched world's first open source geographical information system (GIS) software, Gram Chitra, and when?

9.This was an interesting year in retrospect– a major operating system with free source code, a legendary figure of open source movement, and a major network, the precursor to Internet – were all born this year. Which was this year?

10. If this is stated to become the foundation for a complete, stand-alone open source operating system (OS) distribution, similar to FreeBSD or Linux, what is Darwin and who has launched Open Darwin?

11.Companies such as Amazon.com and Deja.com use this language to run their sites. It claims to have more than a million users and it is an open source language. What is its name?

12.If it enriches the open source community, what is SourceForge.net?

13.Which are the top ten most active projects of all time?

14.Which are top ten downloads?

15.(a) Which are top ten projects by popularity, and (b) Which are top ten projects by user ratings?

16.(a) Which Web site has the slogan "News for Nerds. Stuff that matters", and (b) What is Freshmeat.net?

17.What are the following: (a) Mplayer, (b) cdrecord, (c) xine, (d) gaim, (e) gcc, (f) Galeon, (g) Nmap, (h) GTK, and (i) GIMP?

18.What is the breakdown for the following: (a) GNU General Public License (GPL), (b) GNU Lesser General Public License, (c) BSD License (original), (d) Freely Distributable, and (e) Shareware?

19.This provincial German town of crooked medieval streets, whose biggest employer is a savings bank, claims to be the first city in the world by replacing Microsoft software on all city computers with open-source applications based on the free, unproprietary Linux operating system (OS). Name it.

20.If the Headstart programme has been claimed to be the biggest
implementation of open source technologies in schools in India till date, what is the Headstart programme and in which state is it being implemented?
______________________________________________________________________
ANSWERS TO CYBER QUIZ: i4d Quiz-10: Open Source by Dr D.C.Misra
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1.(a) Donald Knuth, the well–known author of programming classics–The Art of Computer Programming (3 volumes), (b) Richard Stallman, the founder of Free Software Foundation (FSF), and (c) Larry Wall, the inventor of Perl rogramming language (Source: Based on Glyn Moody (2001): Rebel Code).

2.(i) They are just three developers of Linux kernel. (Source: Hall, Michael and Brian Profitt (2001): The Joy of Linux: A Gourmet Guide to Open Source), and (ii) Bruce Perens (http://www.perens.com/Bio.html) who first announced "Open
Source" to the world in an article carried on Slashdot and elsewhere in 1998. He is the primary author of the Open Source Definition, the formative document of the Open Source movement. A computer scientist (programmer), he is the founder of Software in the Public Interest and is Senior Strategist, Linux and Open Source.

3.It is one of the earliest attempts to build a free operating system. It was started by Richard Matthew Stallman (born in 1959 in New York), formerly of Artificial Intelligence (AI) Lab in Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) and others in 1983 who formed Free Software Foundation. It became a complete operating
system in August, 1996. GNU is a recursive acronym for "GNU's Not Unix." Stallman is recognized by his initials "rms" in the hackers community. For details about GNU, visit its website http://www.gnu.org/.

4.A tax–free charity based in Boston, MA, it was founded by Richard Matthew Stallman in 1985 to "promote computer users' right to use,copy, modify, and redistribute computer programs." FSF also protects, preserves, and promotes free software, promotes the development and use of GNU operating system, and concentrates on development of new software.(Source: http://www.gnu.org/fsf/fsf.htm).

5.(a) GNU Editing macros, a GNU editing program for creating and manipulating text initially created by Richard M. Stallman in 1975 and made available publicly. It was the editor of hackers, (b) GNU C Compiler written by Richard M. Stallman, (c) Bourne again shell (a play on Unix shell called the Bourne shell), (d) Introduced with GNU Emacs General Public License in 1985, it allows users, as opposed to copyright, to copy, modify and sell the original and/or modified
version(s) of a program but the modified version(s) is/are also required to be available free. Similarly, if a free software is combined with a proprietary (that is, nonfree code), it is also required to be free, (e) GNU General Public License, a standard single license developed by Richard M. Stallman for various programs
under the GNU project, and (f) The kernel being developed for the GNU
operating system. (Source: Moody, Glyn (2001): Rebel Code).

6.(a) Minix stands for Mini-Unix, and is a Unix-compatible operating system (OS), a free Unix clone. Andrew Tannenbaum, Professor at the Free University, Amsterdam wrote it for teaching students how an operating system works by examining its source code. Development of Minix was a reaction to release of Unix Version 7 in 1979 by AT & T which stopped making the source code available free to students. The source code was available free since release of Unix in 1969 under a license from AT&T. Tannenbaum began Minix in 1984 and released it in
1987 in his book Operating Systems: Design and Implementation (1987, Second edition with Albert S. Hull in 1997). Minix Information Sheet is available at the website http://www.cs.vu.nl/`est/minix.htm. Last change made was, however, on November 15, 1996) (Website checked on March 30, 2002), and (b) A typesetting program for creation of beautiful books created in 1978 by Donald Knuth. He created the program as a response to deterioration in typography and layout of
later editions of his Art of Computer Programming. The name TEX is derived from the Greek word ôå÷íç (techne) which means "art" and is also the root of words "technology" and "technique." (Source: Moody,Glyn (2001): Rebel Code).

7.Open Office (OO) and OpenOffice.Org (OOO) (http://www.openoffice.org/) respectively. Open Office is free, open source, MS Office-compatible, cross-platform (Windows, Linux (including PPC), and Solaris; FreeBSD, IRIX and Mac OS X versions under development), and international (available in 27 languages with more being added) office productivity suite. Written in C++, with XML file format and open component-based APIs, it has been issued under dual licensing– GNU Lesser General Public License (LGPL) and Sun Industry Standards Source License (SISSL).OpenOfffice.org is an open source initiative of Sun Microsystems, Inc. it is both an open source product – the multi-platform office productivity suite by the same name – and a project – the overall project comprising some 24 public projects. It has been sponsored by Sun Microsystems, Inc., which acquired StarDivision, the original German author of of the StarOffice suite, in 1999. The Web site is hosted by CollabNet (http://www.collab.net/), a leading provider of collaborative software development services based on open source principles. Sun placed all 9 million lines of StarOffice 6 alpha code on October 13, 2000. A result of 18 months of collaboration among 10,000 volunteers (and Sun engineers), and claimed to the largest open source project ever with more than 7.5 million lines of code, OpenOffice.Org 1.0, according to John Lettice (http://www.theregister.co.uk/) was released on May 1, 2002. At the same time, Sun continues to sell its StarOffice 5.2 commercially and its new version StarOffice 6.0 will use OpenOffice.org.

8.Media Lab Asia (MLA) in New Delhi on April 29, 2002 during Elitex exhibition organized by the Ministry of Communications and Information Technology, Government of India. The software enables creation, storage, editing and accessing of map-related databases for visually intuitive and effective decision making. Typically GIS software costs anything between Rs. 65,000 to Rs. 300,000-400,000. MLA has released it free of cost for its use for development purposes. The software has been developed by Centre for Spatial Database Management and Solutions (CSDMS), Noida, a non-profit organization founded by professionals in New Delhi in 1997 (http://www.csdms.org/), on the Linux operating system. Gram Chitra can be downloaded from http://www.csdms.org/gramchitra.

9.1969. The operating system was Unix, the legendary figure Linus Torvalds, and the network ARPANET.

10.Originally released in March 1999, Darwin is an open source initiative of Apple Computer, Inc. It is an open source version of Berkeley Software Distribution (BSD) UNIX operating system (OS) that offers advanced networking, services such as the Apache Web server, and support to both Macintosh and UNIX file systems. Darwin currently runs on PowerPC-based Macintosh computers and is being ported to Intel processor-based computers. (For details, visit the Web site
http://developer.apple.com/darwin/projects/darwin/faq.html). Darwin is the core of Mac OS X (pronounced `ten' and not `ex') v / 0.1.4. The Darwin kernel is based FreeBSD (originally developed at University of Calfornia at Berkeley) and Mach 3.0 (originally developed at Carnegie Mellon University)tecnhnologies and provides protected memory and pre-emptive multitasking. It features new
graphical user interface (GUI) called Aqua which is based on cutting-edge graphics technologies –Quartz (for 2-D objects), OpenGL (for 3-D objects), and Apple's QuickTime (for multimedia support). Applications environment is provided by a Java virtual machine (JVM), Cocoa (application programming interfaces (APIs) for OS X software), Carbon (APIs based on Apple's earlier OSs),
and Classic (Apple's 9.1 OS under OS X). Code-named Jaguar, this "super-modern" desktop operating system (OS)was released in summer of 2002 by Apple. For further details, visit the Web site
http://www.apple.com/macosx/newversion/. In 1998, Apple became the first major computer company to make open source development a fundamental part of its software strategy. To broaden the collaboration between Apple and development community,Open Darwin organization has been jointly launched in April 2002 by Internet Software Consortium , Inc. (ISC) and Apple Computer, Inc. For details, visit the website http://www.opendarwin.org/. Hexley, the platypus (http://www.hexley.com/) is the official community mascot of Darwin project.

11. Perl. It is developed by perl5porters, p5p for short. Online since October 26, 1995,the Comprehensive Perl Archive Network (CPAN) has 2641 MB 259 mirrors,3,998 authors and 7,203 module (http://cpan.perl.org/). For details, visit the website http://www.perl.org/.(November 12, 2004).

12.It is the world's largest open source software development Web site which aims to enrich the open source community by providing a central place for open source developers to control and manage open source software development. It provides free hosting to tens of thousands of projects. It is owned by Open Source Development Network Inc. (OSDN) which is a wholly owned subsidiary of VA Software Corporation. The OSDN family also includes Slashdot and Freshmeat.
Each month more than 5 million information technology (IT) professionals visit OSDN destinations delivering more than 110 million page views per month. For details, visit the Web site http://sourceforgenet.net/.

13.1. SourceForge.net, 2. Crystal Space 3D SDK, 3. phpGroupWare, 4. Python, 5. Direct Rendering Infrastructure, 6. Gaim, 7. CoreLinux++, 8. Common C++ Libraries, 9. SquirrelMail, and 10. The Freenet Project. (Source: http://sourceforge.net/top/mostactive.php) (November 12,2004).

14. 1. eMule, 2. BitTorrent, 3. Azureus – BitTorrent Client, 4. CDex, 5. DC++, 6. VirtualDub, 7. ZSNES, 8. phpMyAdmin, 9. Dev-C++, and 10. eMule Plus (Source: http://sourceforge.net/top/toplist.php?type=downloads (November 12, 2004).

15.(a) 1. MPlayer (100.00%), 2. Linux (76.24%), 3. cdrtools (63.95%), 4. Gaim (47.85%), 5. gcc (44.90%), 6. MySQL (44.68%), 7. xine (43.39%), 8. PHP (42.06%), 9. TightVNC (41.45%) and 10. Apache (38.71%) (Source: http://freshmeat.net/stats), and (b) 1. Linux (score: 9.49 - 554 votes), 2. Fluxbox (score: 9.37 - 325 votes), 3. Apache (score: 9.36 - 232 votes), 4. Slackware (score: 9.30 - 203 votes), 5. bash programmable completion (score: 9.17 - 308 votes), 6.
MPlayer (score: 9.12 - 570 votes), 7. Mutt (score: 9.06 - 187 votes), 8. The Gallery (score: 9.03 - 390 votes), 9. Debian GNU/Linux (score: 8.95 - 138 votes), and 10. Mozilla (score: 8.78 - 162 votes) (Source: http://freshmeat.net/stats/ (November 12, 2004).

16.(a) Slahdot (http://slashdot.org/), and (b) The Web's largest index of Unix and cross-platform software, themes, and Palm OS
(http://freshmeat.net/about/).


17.(a) A movie player for Linux, (b) A tool to create disk-at-once and track-at-once, (c) A Unix video player, (d) A GTK+-based messaging client, (e) The GNU compiler collection, (f) A GNOM Web browser, and (g) A network exploration tool and security / port scanner (Source: http://freshmeat.net/), (h) GIMP Tool Kit , and (i) GNU Image Manipulation Program (originally General Image Manipulation Program). GIMP and GTK were designed by two students at Berkeley, Spencer Kimball and Peter Mattis.

18.(a) 25,491 (b) 2,174 (c) 1,359 (d) 946, and (e) 306. (Source:
http://freshmeat.net/stats/#license).(November 12, 2004).

19.Schwaebisch Hall. (Source: AP, Schwaebisch Hall, Hindustan Times,
New Delhi, March 26, 2003, Wednesday, p-15).

20.It is a computer-enabled programme for universalisation of upper primary (middle) school education under the Rajiv Gandhi Shiksha Mission (RGSM) in Madhya Pradesh. Under Headstart, a unit of three computers is provided in the nodal school of a school cluster called Jan Shiksha Kendra (JSK). 648 JSKs have been covered, and 4,000 teachers trained. Headstart is being extended in its second phase to 2,070 JSKs in 2002-03 while the remaining JSKs are proposed to be covered in the third phase in 2003-04.The distinctive feature of Headstart is development of customized culturally familiar educational software in Hindi, Mathematics, Environmental Studies and English designed to be used for the children. For details, visit the Web site http://www.mp.nic.in/rgm/shiksha.htm. Red Hat India (http://www.in.redhat.com), a subsidiary of Red Hat Inc., has
partnered with RGSM for implementation of the programme.
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© D.C.Misra 2004. Beta version. Posted November 11, 2004.
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Disclaimer: While every care is taken to compile the quiz, readers are requested to check the authentic sources before acting upon any information contained here. The use of the material, which is generally documented, is encouraged for self-education and non-commercial purposes provided the copyright is acknowledged and due credit is given to the author for the authorship. Use of material for commercial purposes is, however, strictly prohibited without the
written consent of the concerned author in whom the copyright vests.
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CYBER QUIZ: i4d Quiz Series by Dr D.C.Misra

Quizzes published so far in this series

1. i4d Quiz – 1: ICT and Women
2. i4d Quiz – 2: eGovernance: States
3. i4d Quiz – 3: ICT and Health: A Quiz,
4. i4d Quiz – 4: Wireless Communication : A Quiz
5. i4d Quiz – 5: ICT For the Poor: A Quiz
6. i4d Quiz – 6: ICT and Local Language Content: A Quiz
7. i4d Quiz – 7: ICT and Agriculture: A Quiz
8. i4d Quiz – 8: Community Radio: A Quiz
9. i4d Quiz – 9: Telecentres: A Quiz
10.i4d Quiz– 10: Open Source: A Quiz

(Last Quiz: Posted on November 12, 2004).

Next Quiz in the i4d Quiz Series
11.i4d Quiz–11: ICT and Disaster Management:A Quiz (Forthcoming)
(December 2004).
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Today is Diwali,the festival of lights in India. Wish you a Happy Diwali.Enjoy yourself.

Dr D.C.Misra
November 12,2004.